US patents shed light on Eclipse and future cigarettes

Patents on videodisc a future system almost with us

Quantum dots shed light on diagnoses.

Featured article: Kim S, Lim YT, Soltesz EG, De Grand AM, Lee J, Nakayama A, Parker JA, Mihaljevic T, Laurence RG, Dor DM, Cohn LH, Bawendi MG, Frangioni JV. Near-infrared fluorescent type II quantum dots for sentinel lymph node mapping. Nat Biotechnol 2004;22:93–7. Near-infrared (NIR) (700 –2500 nm) in vivo imaging with semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) can offer nonradioactive extraction of me...

Genotype networks shed light on evolutionary constraints.

An evolutionary constraint is a bias or limitation in phenotypic variation that a biological system produces. One can distinguish physicochemical, selective, genetic and developmental causes of such constraints. Here, I discuss these causes in three classes of system that bring forth many phenotypic traits and evolutionary innovations: regulatory circuits, macromolecules and metabolic networks....

Studies shed light on sunscreen efficacy.

A Quantum of Light Shed on Classical Potentials and Fields*

The classical theory of retarded electromagnetic potentials is usually attributed to Liénard (1898) and Wiechert (1900), who developed a mathematical model based on Euclidean geometry and general signal retardation analogous to that occurring with light propagation. The Liénard-Wiechert model represents the amalgamation of dual concepts: the discrete particle (the source) and the continuous wav...